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Perfume (UK: , US: ) is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents, usually in liquid form, used to give the human body, animals, food, objects, and living-spaces an agreeable scent. Perfumes can be defined as substances that emit and diffuse a pleasant and fragrant odor. They consist of artificial mixtures of aromatic chemicals and essential oils. The 1939 Nobel Laureate for Chemistry, Leopold Ružička stated in 1945 that "right from the earliest days of scientific chemistry up to the present time, perfumes have substantially contributed to the development of organic chemistry as regards methods, systematic classification, and theory." Ancient texts and archaeological excavations show the use of perfumes in some of the earliest human civilizations. Modern perfumery began in the late 19th century with the commercial synthesis of aroma compounds such as vanillin and coumarin, which allowed for the composition of perfumes with smells previously unattainable solely from natural aromatics.

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Article title : Perfume
"Perfume (UK: /ˈpɜːfjuːm/, US: /pərˈfjuːm/ ) is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds (fragrances), fixatives and solvents, usually in..."
Article title : Shalimar (perfume)
"Shalimar is a perfume originally created by Jacques Guerlain in 1921 for French perfume and cosmetics house Guerlain. In production continuously since..."
Article title : Kannauj Perfume
"Kannauj Perfume, also known as Kannauj Ittar, is a traditional Indian perfume made in the city of Kannauj in Uttar Pradesh. It has been protected under..."
Article title : Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (film)
"Perfume: The Story of a Murderer is a 2006 period psychological thriller film directed by Tom Tykwer, who cowrote the screenplay with Andrew Birkin and..."
Article title : Perfume Genius
"Alden Hadreas (born September 25, 1981), better known by his stage name Perfume Genius, is an American singer, songwriter, and musician. Hadreas's indie..."
Article title : Perfume (Japanese band)
"Perfume (パフューム, Pafyūmu) is a Japanese girl group consisting of Nocchi, Kashiyuka, and A-chan. The group formed in 2000 in Hiroshima, Japan, then moved..."
Article title : Eau de toilette
"(French: [o d(ə) twalɛt], meaning "grooming water") is a lightly scented perfume. It is also referred to as aromatic waters and has a high alcohol content..."
Article title : Perfume Genius discography
"American musician Perfume Genius has released seven studio albums, one extended play, 13 singles and 13 music videos to date. Mike Hadreas began his music..."
Article title : List of celebrity-branded perfumes
"Many celebrities have signed contracts with perfume houses to associate their name with a signature scent, as a self-promotion campaign. The scents are..."
Article title : Calvin Klein
"Klein. In addition to clothing, he has also given his name to a range of perfumes, watches, and jewellery. Klein was born on November 19, 1942, in the Bronx..."

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