Contact En
Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories, many of which are speculative, propose that visits to the Americas, interactions with the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, or both, were made by people from elsewhere after the initial peopling of the Americas by migrants from Siberia across Beringia at least 15,000 years ago, but before Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Caribbean in 1492.
A few claims are widely accepted. After the initial peopling of the Americas, contact continued across the Bering Strait. Yup'ik and Aleut peoples residing on both sides of the Bering Strait had frequent contact with each other, and multiple artifacts traded across the Bering Strait have been discovered in pre-Columbian archaeological sites in Alaska.
Maritime explorations by Norse peoples from Scandinavia during the late 10th century led to the brief Norse colonization of Greenland and a base camp L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, which preceded Columbus's arrival in the Americas by some 500 years.
Recent genetic studies have also suggested that some eastern Polynesian populations have admixture from coastal western South American peoples, with an estimated date of contact around 1200 CE.
Scientific and scholarly responses to other claims of post-prehistory, pre-Columbian transoceanic contact have varied. Some of these claims are examined in reputable peer-reviewed sources. Many others are based only on circumstantial or ambiguous interpretations of archaeological evidence, the discovery of alleged out-of-place artifacts, superficial cultural comparisons, comments in historical documents, or narrative accounts. These have been dismissed as fringe science, pseudoarchaeology, or pseudohistory.
Article title : Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories
"Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories, many of which are speculative, propose that visits to the Americas, interactions with the Indigenous peoples..."
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"– "en-route", "mission in progress" or "mission complete" – based on their primary mission. For example, though Voyager 1 is still contactable en-route..."
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"(Cambridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2003), 83–101 Trotter, David (2003c), 'Langues en contact en Gascogne médiévale', in Actas del XXIII Congreso Internacional de Lingüística..."
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"the method is that the meat does not come into contact with the cooking liquid; in Poularde de Bresse en vessie, the juices from the chicken all stay in..."
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